Análise da paisagem no entorno de propriedade com sistema de integração lavoura-floresta no cerrado goiano

Abstract

The Crop-Livestock-Forest integration systems (ILPF) are currently an alternative for improving environmental quality in regions where traditional pasture or agriculture systems are implemented. Rural owners in the Cerrado biome have been adhering to the use of such techniques, and there have been several studies on the behavior of soils that support this agricultural modality. The landscape is one of the most affected compositions by the changes promoted by this activity. Thus, with the use of remote sensing techniques, the present study evaluated three ILPF systems located in the Cerrado of Goiás, in a 10 years temporal cut (2006/2016), whose results demonstrate the landscape implications that the system offers compared to the surrounding areas. Three areas of study were determined and, from them, satellite images Landsat 5 (2006) and Landsat 8 (2016) were obtained, with which 10 km buffers were generated from the properties analyzed and, from these images, structured several maps: land use, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), clinographic and slope maps. With the land use maps, the properties and its surroundings metrics were generated, as well as with the slope maps were generated the topographic profiles, both of the properties and their surroundings, which together generated the data that determined the areas of study characterization allowing the temporal comparison between the decades of 2006 and 2016, as well as of the properties that adopt the system of integration in relation to the properties with agriculture based on the traditional molds. The integration systems were shown to be more environmentally suitable, since they are planned systems that take into account in this planning some important factors that structure the landscape, such as relief and soil type. In this way, the areas that harbor the integration systems reached the best global values of metrics, with indices of shape, size and fragmentation, more appropriate border density, and more satisfactory NDVI values than in pasture or agriculture in its surroundings, indicating that the traditional agricultural systems of land occupation are not the best alternatives for conservation of the landscape, mainly when using techniques such as irrigation by central pivots or even by the monoculture practice, which brings several environmental damages, among them the soil sterility and the shortage of water. It is advisable to convert areas occupied by traditional farming to agroforestry or agroforestry integration systems as a way of improving productivity, reducing the need to expand the Cerrado territory occupied by this activity.