Patrimônio do milho inteiro: formação socioespacial, urbanização e ruralidade em Caldazinha (GO) (1937 – 2015)

Abstract

The Goiás territory, until the early eighteenth century, was little known and economically explored, only with the discovery of gold in Goiás by the pioneers, the region was occupied by migrants who founded the first villages. Later, in the middle of the 20th century, the migratory process in Goiás, driven by the policy of occupation and population densification of the Midwest, undertaken by the central government of the Republic during the New State, was responsible for the emergence of large urban agglomerations in Goiás, including the new state capital, the city of Goiânia. Since the "March Westward" campaign brought an inter-regional migratory flux to the Goiás territory, the State took a leap in relation to demographic contingent and modernization. With the modernization of the countryside, in the 1970s, the State of Goiás experienced a new migratory surge, resulting from the rural exodus, which caused an emptying of the countryside and swelling in the cities. In turn, the municipality of Caldazinha in the early twentieth century, in the wake of the implementation of the Railroad in Goiás, was a small town located east of Goiânia, Capital of the State. The city was born from a dream of the region's inhabitants who intended to found a village to escape the isolation in which they lived and the difficulties of locomotion and access to nearby cities. In 1937, on land donated by farmers in the region to the Catholic Church in the village, until then known as "Patrimônio do Milho Inteiro". Only in 1992, the village was elevated to the category of municipality. With the advance of urbanization in Goiás, there was a marked differentiation between the countryside and the city, for several reasons: in the rural environment, the means of production and customs are strongly linked to agricultural activities related to manual service, and the urban environment by a more complex network of factors, characterized by a greater differentiation and artificiality of social relations. Therefore, as the urban population overlapped the rural one, new forms of social relations were established among individuals, and new identity elements were gradually built, characterizing a new cultural identity that unites and differentiates them in the environment. Consequently, the socially constructed identity in Caldazinha remains under the strong influence of rurality.