A Praça Cívica de Goiânia: Espaço de Poder, de Cultura e Manifestações Políticas (1933- 2019)

Abstract

This work was carried out in order to analyze how power manifests itself in a given space in the city, considering the means and actions that were used to represent it. The space selected for the study of the locus of power was the Civic Square of Goiânia and, on it, we sought to know how it constitutes a space of power and political subversion, considering that this square occupies a unique representative place in history political, social and cultural city. As a result of this fact, the temporality chosen corresponds to the beginning of the construction of the square in the context of the construction of Goiânia, in 1933 until the year 2019, when the space was the target of requalification works. The problem was based on the following questions: what were the strategies used for the square to become the seat of power? How historically did it also constitute a place of resistance to power? And what are the interests and intentions inherent to the square? From this, the hypotheses that support the research concern the probability of being a space of power due to the influence of the strands of modern urbanism, followed by the author of the project; the environment of power is linked to the fact that Goiânia was conceived as a political strategy by Pedro Ludovico eixeira, a state interventionist at the time and, finally, popular demonstrations make Praça a social place of political resistance. The general objective was the analysis of Praça Cívica as a space of power and political subversion, specifying three aspects: the process of changing the capital of Goiás, the political manifestations and the requalification projects that brought changes to this space. For an analysis of the previously established proposal, we initially sought to study the change in the capital of the state of Goiás, the influence of modernist urbanism in the construction of the new capital Goiânia, and how Praça Cívica was constituted in this context. Then, the square was analyzed as a whole, with the intention of seeking to know the main elements that are part of its structure, such as buildings and monuments. In the third and last part of the work, the study was carried out, aiming to analyze the different forms of uses and appropriations of the square, prioritizing the political manifestations that occurred in its space and, presenting at the end, a look at the square from the perspective of individual memory. As the work proposal refers to a theme that is investigated by several scientific fields, throughout the study we sought to dialogue with other areas of knowledge, such as Architecture, Art and Sociology, in the hope that the interdisciplinary dialogue can contribute to expand knowledge about the object of study as an enriching practice.