Influência relativa do impacto humano e das variáveis climáticas na estrutura limnológica de lagoas de inundação do Brasil Central

Abstract

The characterization of aquatic environments it is of great importance for scientific research and for the allocation of water use. Mankind has developed along major rivers, where they owned the water supply to the population and the water needed for agriculture. The water thus started to be linked with diseases and studies that characterize water began to be developed. Research on water quality was a major breakthrough in the twentieth century. The creation of laws for conservation of water bodies and the determination of parameters for public water supply and water use caused a development on this field of science. Likewise, in tropical environments, studies focused on limnology are scarce. The first chapter of this study aimed to conduct a study of the art of water quality, using scientometrics techniques. In this chapter was shown that research on water quality has grown since 1990. The countries that have more published studies were India, China, Brazil and the United States. The publication of these countries was influenced by infrastructure (supply and sanitation) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Most studies are focused on the utility and limnological characterization of rivers. Areas such as flood plains and studies with Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP) and Water Treatment Stations (WTS) are not found. The second chapter consists in the characterization limnological properties and in the land use of thirty lakes distributed along the floodplain of the Araguaia River and in the definition of which variables are most relevant to the determination of the founded limnological structure. The lakes studied showed patterns of limnological preserved natural environments. The sampled lakes had low conversion rate, being generally preserved. Through statistical analysis it was evident that the weather is the factor that interferes in the water from these lakes. The land use for this study, do not influence significantly on the characteristics of the water. Through the Moran index, it was observed that there is a spatial correlation between floodplain lakes for limnological structure and climate, which means that closest lakes possess more similar characteristics than more distant lakes. For the land use it was not detected spatial pattern of distribution.