História e filosofia da ciência no processo de formação Inicial de professores de ciências

Abstract

The History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) is an approach that can be used to promote Science Teaching in a more contextualized way with the historical factors of each period, besides printing in the results obtained over time a greater clarity, decentralizing the role of great “geniuses” and promoting a study based on the contribution of several authors. Considering the initial formation a propitious moment for the discussion about this teaching tool, the study proposed here aims to determine how the students graduating from the Biological Sciences course at the Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Ceres perceive in their formation and use it in their teaching practice, Science from a historical and philosophical approach. For the construction of the research, a systematic survey was carried out on the Portal of Journals of the Platform for the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CIHEP), seeking to identify and analyze articles published from 1996 to 2019 that discuss HFC in Science Education. Then, a survey was carried out in the Pedagogical Political Project (PPP) that guides the studied course, in order to understand if the History and Philosophy of Science have been worked along the course. Finally, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied to teachers and graduates of the Biological Sciences Degree course at Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Ceres, where the research participants were able to discuss their perception and training in relation to the HFC approach in Science Education . The results show that despite the importance of the theme being consensual among researchers who deal with the theme and having its relevance pointed out by the documents that guide basic education, such as the Law of Directives and Bases of National Education (LDB) and the Common National Curricular Base (CNCB), from the bibliographic research it is possible to perceive that this is a theme that is still little researched in an empirical way, especially directing specifically to the Science/Biology discipline. What may be related to the lack of their approach during the initial teacher training, which consequently leads to its low use by professionals who start to work in basic education, as evidenced by the analysis of the applied questionnaires. Another factor quite mentioned in the responses of the research participants and also in the results obtained by other researchers besides the deficiency in the initial training, refers to the lack of adequate material to approach the theme. Indicating the need for the insertion of HPS in the initial and continuing training of teachers and the development of materials that support this approach in the classroom.