Avaliação agronômica e divergência genética em feijão-vagem arbustivo

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted at the State University of Goiás, in the municipality of Ipameri -GO, the first aimed at the characterization of the genotypes and the second more detailed agronomic studies and genetic divergence among genotypes using morphological traits and production of pods and seeds. In the first experiment, the genotypes differed significantly as the plant height and diameter of pods and equaled on the length of pods, with an average of 11,34 cm. The Provider cultivar, had the lowest height 9 cm, then the cultivar Delinel 23,7 cm. The other genotypes are statistically equaled the height varying between 33,5 and 50,7 cm. The pod on marketable point between 4 and 8,5 cm in diameter. Five genotypes purple flowers, yellow flowers two and twenty-three white flowers. Two cultivars with purple pods, five yellow and twenty-three green. Seven genotypes flattened pods and twenty-three cylindrical. In the second experiment there were significant differences among genotypes, except for number of seeds per pod, whose overall average was 5,8. The inflorescences , with length ranging from 6,2 to 18,3 cm presented flowers 2,2 to 9,1, resulting on average from 1,9 to 5,1 pods developed. The content of chlorophyll in leaves ranged from 31,7 to 41,8, and the vigor of the plants in bloom, from 2,9 to 4,6. The marketable yield of pods ranged from 6,6 to 18,4 t ha- 1 , the number of marketable 13,1 to 28,3 per plant pods. The pods, the commercial spot, had average weight ranging from 5,0 to 11,1 g, length 9,9 to 17,8 cm and diameter 4,9 to 8,6 mm, and commercial aspect with notes ranging from from 2,3 to 4,8. The plants reached the period of seed harvest, averages 45 to 67,8 cm, yielding 8,6 to 22 dry pods per plant, average 5 to 6,8 seeds per pod with hundred seed mass ranging from 21,1 to 46,9 g, resulting in productivity of seed, ranging from 1,53 to 3,65 t ha-1 of seed dry. The measures of genetic dissimilarity, calculated from the Mahalanobis distance (D 2 ) presented amplitude 82-7889, indicating a broad genetic variability entres genotypes. The pair Tendergreen Improved Provider and was the most divergent (7889), followed by Gold Rush and Provider (7403) and Provider and Sword (7170). There was the formation of three groups, according to the test of Tocher grouping, and the group 1 consisted of 25 genotypes group 2 by Contender, Jade, and Provider Strike Group 3 and the Golden Improved farming alone. The variables that contributed most to the study of genetic diversity were the average weight of marketable pods and plant height at harvest of marketable pods.