O solo sob o sistema de produção Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta no sudeste de Goiás: propriedades químicas e avaliação de impacto ambiental

Abstract

The obtained results with integrated crop-livestock-forest ICLF indicate that it is an economically viable alternative, environmentally friendly and socially fair to increase the production of food and agro-energy. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical properties and the environmental impact of a soil subjected to the use of integrated croplivestock-forest in the Santa Brígida, Ipameri, southeast of Goiás For this system completely randomized design was used in a factorial 4x2. The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial design. The factors analyzed were composed of four systems of land use (Area 1) Eucalyptus 6 years + Braquiaria brizantha (ex Hochst. A. Rich); (Area 2) Integration corn + B. brizantha; (Area 3) Remaining Forest - witness; (Area 4) Eucalyptus 2 years + B. brizantha, combined with two different soil depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm). In each type of of system were randomly established four plots in which 20 simple sub-samples collected by zigzag traversal, at depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The simple sub-samples collected were mixed composing a composite sample for each plot and at each depth. collected soil samples were subjected to chemical analysis of macronutrients, micronutrients and physical texture analysis methodologies as established in the soil laboratory of the Federal Institute of Goiás, Urutaí Campus – GO. The collected soil samples were subjected to chemical analysis of macronutrients, micronutrients and physical texture analysis methodologies as established in the soil laboratory of the Federal Institute of Goiás, Urutaí Campus – GO. The obtained data from the chemical analyzes of the soil samples were analyzed statistically by variance analysis. The treatments averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability (SISVAR program). Identification and qualitative characterization of environmental impacts were assessed using the "Check List" method. The results showed that the area of eucalyptus 6 years + B. brizantha grass and remaining forest had the highest average pH, Ca, Ca + Mg, S and V%, showing that nutrient cycling and increased pH soil conservation in the area of ICLF is benefited by litter. The environmental impact assessment of the areas studied showed that systems eucalyptus 2 and 6 years + grass B. brizantha were those with the largest sum of the magnitude and importance of positive impacts and the smallest sum of these negative attributes. Therefore, systems are preferable in terms of environmental impacts. With the adoption of integrated crop-livestock-forest, an increase of physical, chemical and reduction of soil degradation which contributed to the conservation of soil quality in the Santa Brígida Farm since this system was deployed in old soils of degraded pastures.