Características agronômicas, propriedades físicas e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de cultivares de soja em função do hábito de crescimento e populações de plantas

Abstract

One of the main oil crops in the world, soybean, is destined for both human and animal consumption, serving also as a source of raw material for agroindustry complexes, such as the biodiesel chain. For soybean producers, the main objective is to achieve the highest profitability of the crop, reaching high yield and quality per hectare harvested. In the intuito objetive-sensational characteristics agronômicas, properties physical and quality fisiológica of seeds of vegetables of soybean, in the character of growth and different molecular images of plants. An experiment was conducted during a 2017/2018. The experimental design was the randomized blocks in a 3x4 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of three soybean cultivars of different growth habits (TMG2181, M 7739 IPRO and BMX Power IPRO), submitted to four population densities: 180,000; 220,000; 280,000 and 320,000, hectare-1 plants. The harvest of the useful area occurred manually when the plants reached their R8 stage and recommended water content for harvesting. The plants were threshed and benefited, drying the seeds with water content above 13%, followed by sieving. It was evaluated the agronomic characteristics of the plants, measuring plant height, first pod insertion, stem diameter, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per pod, weight of 100 seeds and seed yield. Following the physical properties of the seeds: size, shape and apparent specific mass. Evaluating also the physiological quality of these seeds, by the tests: germination, first count, seedling length, root dry matter and hypocotyl and accelerated aging. It is concluded that the morphophysiological characteristics of soybean plants were distinguished due to the genotypes of different growth habits worked, and these phenotypic expressions can be altered according to arrangement of plants in which they are exposed. The indeterminate cultivar presented higher seed yield in relation to the semi-determined and determined cultivars. Regarding the physical properties of the seeds, we can observe that the cultivar M 7739 IPRO (semi-determined) represented the highest average in relation to orthogonal axes, characterizing a seed of larger size. All three cultivars were classified as circular seeds. The indeterminate cultivar BMX Power IPRO obtained higher seed germination and vigor means, yielding normal seedlings with good initial growth speed and dry mass.