Avaliação de voçorocas e da suscetibilidade erosiva da porção sul da bacia Meia Ponte, GO

Abstract

The Cerrado is the main biome of the center-west region of Brazil, whose soil is extensively exploited by livestock and agriculture, as a consequence, environmental problems such as water erosions arise, which are the focus of this work. In order to characterize and quantify the erosive vulnerability of this region, large erosions of the voçoroca type present in the sub watershed of Ribeirão Serra in the municipality of Morrinhos - GO were characterized and evaluated. In order to achieve this objective, the in situ characterization of the soil present in the gullies was carried out, as well as the collection of samples for physico-chemical analysis. Subsequently, the eroded areas were evaluated for their topography and the data manipulated through Geoprocessing techniques. Based on this information, maps were elaborated that expose variables conditioning the erosive process that showed, together with the physicochemical characterization, greater suscetibility to the emergence of gullies, mainly by lithology, soil class, slope, rain intensity, vegetation index, vicinity of roads and land use. The physical and chemical data of the voçoroca soils were submitted to the multivariate statistical analysis PLS-DA to enable the differentiation or approximation of gull characteristics. This methodology allowed to identify that the most significant influence in the erosive process of the southern part of the Meia Ponte watershed in Goiás is the anthropic action, being favored by topography natural actions.